Gambling Disorders

Gambling involves betting something of value, with consciousness of risk and hope of gain, on the outcome of a game, contest or uncertain event. While gambling is legal in many countries, it has been associated with serious harms such as financial stress, relationship breakdown, mental illness, and even suicide. The harms are exacerbated by stigma and shame, which prevent people from seeking help and contribute to the high rate of untreated gambling disorder. Despite this, gambling advertisements are ubiquitous in our daily lives and are often endorsed by celebrities, sports teams and political leaders.

While most adults and adolescents gamble, a significant subset develops gambling disorder. The term “gambling disorder” is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling behavior that results in substantial distress or impairment. Vulnerability to developing gambling disorders is higher in people who are poorer and more likely to gamble. In addition, people who begin gambling as teenagers and young adults are more likely to develop problems than those who start later in life.

The prevalence of gambling disorders has been increasing in recent decades, although the exact cause is not known. Several theories have been proposed, including recreational interest, poor mathematical skills, cognitive distortions, and mental illness. However, the evidence does not support these theories and it is unlikely that any one factor or set of factors will explain all cases of pathological gambling.

Regardless of whether the problem is mild or severe, there are things that everyone can do to reduce their risks: set boundaries in managing money; take control of family finances; and review bank and credit card statements. It is also important to set realistic expectations when gambling, and not be deceived by free cocktails and other incentives.

Treatment options for gambling disorders include cognitive-behavioral therapy and individual counselling. Individuals requiring treatment attend regular sessions with a licensed therapist to learn healthier thinking patterns and coping strategies. They may also be taught to recognize triggers and learn ways to avoid gambling. In addition, some people are referred to specialist programs that can offer a more intensive level of care, such as residential or outpatient treatment. The treatment of gambling disorders is complex, as there are no quick fixes or quick solutions. However, with the right support, people can regain their lives and stop experiencing devastating harms. A good place to start is by recognising when the symptoms of gambling disorder are present and taking a self-assessment. You can also contact your local addiction services and ask about referral resources for certified gambling counselors or intensive treatment programs in your area. In some cases, these may be covered by insurance.